ISSN : 1598-2939
The purpose of this study was to investigate whether drop jump warm-up (DW) protocols with varying loads (0%, 5%, and 10% body weight) are effective in enhancing swim start performance compared to a conventional warm-up (CW) routine for youth swimmers. A total of 23 middle and high school swimmers (age: 16.61 ± 1.64 years, height: 1.73 ± 0.07 m, weight: 64.87 ± 8.82 kg, athletic experience: 7.04 ± 2.65 years) participated in this study. They completed swim start trials after both their CW and DW, respectively, in randomized order. Kinematic variables, including entry and take-off angle, horizontal flight distance and velocity, and starting time, were analyzed using high-speed camera motion data. In addition, an inertial measurement unit was used to measure underwater pelvic motion during dolphin kicking, including the main frequency of pelvic angular velocity. The CW resulted in faster underwater speeds and shorter total start times compared to the DW. Furthermore, during underwater dolphin kicking, the main frequency of pelvic angular velocity in the medio-lateral axis following the CW was higher than after the DW. However, the only variable that improved with the DW was the take-off horizontal distance, which was longer than with the CW. No significant differences were found between drop jump conditions (i.e., 0%, 5%, and 10% extra body weight). Conclusively, CW routines appear to be more effective, and DW did not yield performance improvements regardless of the load applied, except for take-off horizontal distance in adolescent swimmers. Future studies should consider other warm-up protocols that account for individual characteristics and the biomechanical validity of underwater dolphin kicking movements.
This study examines the guaranteed state concept from constitutional/legal, political/administrative, and economic/social welfare policy perspectives and proposes specific measures to integrate it into sports policy. A systematic literature review was conducted, categorizing existing research on the guaranteed state into three domains. Based on these findings, strategies for applying the model within the sports sector were derived. In the constitutional/legal sphere, establishing sports rights and reinforcing related laws emerged as key priorities. The political/administrative dimension highlighted self-regulation, public–private partnerships, and digital platforms, while the economic/social welfare angle underscored legislative impact assessments and fair financial arrangements to balance market efficiency with public welfare. A holistic approach—combining legal legitimacy, robust governance structures, and balanced economic/social welfare policies—is crucial for realizing a guaranteed state in sports. Such an approach can enable sports to serve not only as a leisure activity but also as a pivotal means of enhancing public welfare and social cohesion.
This study aimed to examine the mediating effect of learning motivation and the moderating effects of sports confidence in the relationship between self-leadership and self-efficacy among college students, considering the increasing importance of physical activity in their daily lives. The participants consisted of 312 college students (168 males, 144 females) residing in Seoul and Daejeon. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, confirmatory factor analysis, correlation analysis, structural equation modeling (SEM), and moderation effect analysis. The results were as follows: First, no significant differences were found in self-leadership, learning motivation, and self-efficacy across gender, grade level, and type of exercise, except for learning motivation, which showed a significant gender difference. Second, self-leadership had a direct and significant effect on self-efficacy. Third, learning motivation significantly mediated the relationship between self-leadership and self-efficacy. Fourth, the moderating effect of sports confidence was significant in the relationships between self-leadership and self-efficacy and between learning motivation and self-efficacy, but not between self-leadership and learning motivation. These findings indicate that college students with higher levels of sports confidence exhibited a stronger positive effect of learning motivation on self-efficacy, suggesting that confidence developed through sports can amplify the beneficial impact of learning motivation. Overall, the study highlights the importance of fostering both self-directed learning skills and sports confidence to enhance students’ self-efficacy and psychological development.
This study aims to systematically organize previous research on conditioning management to help wheelchair athletes perform at their best in international competitions. A systematic literature review was conducted to examine factors affecting the performance of wheelchair athletes both domestically and internationally, highlighting key considerations for developing effective conditioning strategies. The review investigated training methods for international competition preparation, as well as nutritional and hydration intake before, during, and after events. It also briefly presented nutrition approaches tailored to the characteristics of various sports for athletes with disabilities. The results were categorized into key factors influencing wheelchair athletes’ performance and conditioning, including performance-related factors, prevention and management of pressure ulcers, fall prevention, nutrition and hydration, sleep and rest, jet lag management, and accessibility. This study emphasizes essential points and precautions that should be considered when designing conditioning programs and supporting athletes during training and competition. The findings are expected to enhance wheelchair athletes’ performance and reduce injury risk by improving their conditioning in preparation for international competitions.
This study examined the effects of a tailored, multi-component Comprehensive School Physical Activity Program on student life satisfaction in an underserved elementary school. Ninety-six sixth-grade students were quasi-randomly assigned to Nutrition, Physical Activity During School, Family and Community Engagement, or control groups. The interventions were co-designed with local teachers. Life satisfaction was measured using the Korean Version of the Satisfaction With Life Scale and analyzed using independent-samples t-tests and one-way ANOVA with Scheffé post hoc tests. Students in the intervention groups showed higher life satisfaction scores than those in the control group, with the Physical Activity During School (PADS) group exhibiting the highest levels. The results underscore the importance of tailored, school-based physical activity interventions.
This study aimed to investigate how individual and contextual factors influence the career behavior of university students majoring in dance, based on Social Cognitive Career Theory (SCCT). Specifically, it examined the effects of these factors on three key variables: career decision-making self-efficacy, career outcome expectations, and career preparation behavior. A total of 389 dance major students in South Korea participated in an online survey. Data analyses included descriptive statistics, reliability analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, Pearson correlation analysis, independent-samples Welch’s t-tests, one-way ANOVA with Scheffé post hoc tests, and multiple regression analysis. The results showed that year of study and accumulated dance experience positively predicted career decision-making self-efficacy and career preparation behavior, highlighting the importance of experiential learning and academic progression. Significant differences across majors were also observed, with commercial dance majors reporting comparatively lower levels of self-efficacy and outcome expectations. Trait anxiety demonstrated consistent negative correlations with all career variables, but in the regression model remained a significant predictor only of career decision-making self-efficacy. Finally, perceived career barriers emerged as the strongest negative predictor, significantly reducing self-efficacy, outcome expectations, and preparatory behaviors. These findings indicate that dance majors’ career behavior is influenced by the combined effects of academic progression, accumulated experience, psychological dispositions, and perceived barriers. The results highlight the need for systematic and discipline-specific career development strategies, including tailored interventions and psychological support, to foster sustainable career pathways for dance students.
This study examined the relationships among self-oriented perfectionism, socially prescribed perfectionism, coping styles, and psychological well-being and ill-being in professional dancers. A total of 2,226 vocational modern dancers (81.5% female; Mage = 34.24 years, SD = 6.24) participated in the study. Participants completed measures assessing multidimensional perfectionism, coping tendencies, psychological well-being, and psychological ill-being. The hypothesized model demonstrated acceptable fit indices, χ²(298) = 605.11, p < .001, χ²/df = 2.03, CFI = .90, TLI = .89, RMSEA = .068, and SRMR = .07. Results showed that self-oriented perfectionism positively predicted problem-focused coping (β = .53, p < .001) and psychological well-being (β = .22, p < .05), while negatively predicting avoidant coping (β = −.19, p < .05). Problem-focused coping positively predicted psychological well-being (β = .29, p < .05), whereas avoidant coping positively predicted psychological ill-being (β = .53, p < .001). In contrast, socially prescribed perfectionism positively predicted psychological ill-being (β = .17, p < .05). Bootstrapping analyses confirmed that problem-focused coping partially mediated the relationship between self-oriented perfectionism and psychological well-being (β = .15, p < .005), whereas avoidant coping fully mediated the relationship between self-oriented perfectionism and psychological ill-being (β = −.10, p < .05). These findings suggest that coping styles are key mechanisms linking perfectionism to mental health outcomes. Self-oriented perfectionism may foster adaptive functioning when paired with problem-focused coping, whereas socially prescribed perfectionism and avoidance exacerbate psychological distress. Interventions promoting adaptive coping and autonomy-supportive climates may therefore reduce maladaptive effects of perfectionism and enhance dancers’ psychological well-being.
Advancements in Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and big data have significantly transformed sports analytics, enabling the collection of complex, multidimensional datasets. However, sports data often exhibit non-normal distributions, skewness, and outliers, which pose challenges for linear models used in association analysis. This study evaluated the effectiveness of the Box–Cox transformation in addressing these issues using ICT-based sports datasets from Major League Baseball (MLB) and the Ladies Professional Golf Association (LPGA). Dependent variable distributions, regression model performance, and residual patterns were compared before and after the transformation. The Box–Cox transformation effectively reduced skewness and improved normality, ensuring that key regression assumptions such as homoscedasticity and linearity were satisfied. Model fit improved across both datasets, as evidenced by higher R² values, lower Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) scores, and more evenly distributed residuals. These findings demonstrate that the Box–Cox transformation enhances the reliability and interpretability of regression models in sports analytics, particularly for non-normal data, by addressing both distributional characteristics and residual behaviors.
