ISSN : 1598-2939
Several sportsmen are worried about achieving or sustaining their ideal body weight and distribution for their discipline. Players may wish to lose weight to improve effectiveness, enhance visual appeal, or participate in weight class activities. This culminates in attempts to lose body fat while decreasing muscle mass, as well as eating choices that can have serious health effects. A Ketogenic diet is rich in fat, low in carbs, and somewhat high in protein. Various nutrition-exercise combos have been evaluated in an attempt to boost oxidative stress rates while decreasing carbohydrate efficiency levels and improving overall exercise capacity. According to the findings, increasing fat availability leads to higher rates of whole-body and muscular lipid use during regular moderate-intensity aerobic activity. With significant increases in fatty acid oxidation levels, such diets regularly fail to increase stamina results in comparison to a carb diet, and nothing is understood to evaluate the impact of a Ketogenic diet on strength development. Consequently, the Ketogenic diet may be one of the most extensively researched and defined dietary regimes for losing weight. It is also becoming more popular as a long-term treatment for a variety of illnesses, including epilepsy and many others, and is a typical dietary pattern of Regional cultures. Considering these factors, as well as the reality that there are always sportsmen who choose to do, or are compelled to do, just about everything that that may provide even a slight benefit, protocols that provide that are known to be detrimental.
A physically educated person is characterized as an individual who has the motivation, competence, understanding, and knowledge to enjoy physical activity in a healthy way. Given that physical literacy (PL) development is a lifelong process, the recording of the process, called charting, has critical importance in PL development. This study aimed to explore features of student participation in an e-portfolio for charting PL and its impacts on student learning. Participants were 10 middle school students selected on the basis of gender, technological competence, and interest in physical education. Participants took part in PL charting programs for 10 weeks by utilizing an e-portfolio developed by the researcher. Data were collected from semi-structured interviews with participants and student work samples retrieved from the e-portfolio. The features of students’ PL charting in the e-portfolio were categorized as (a) digital fumblers, (b) superficial participants, (c) passionate creators, and (d) journey reflectors, depending upon the levels of technological competence and motivation for PL recording activities. Participation in PL charting through an e-portfolio (a) enhanced sense of achievement and motivation for future PL growth in students, (b) enabled students to obtain tailored strategic support from the teacher, and (c) helped them perceive learning as continual growth. The findings of this study suggest an e-portfolio can be a viable tool for PL charting by providing opportunities to keep track of students’ learning process and reflect on their PL-related learning activities.
Seoi-nage is a representative technique frequently used in judo. Therefore, it is essential to identify how seoi-nage force characteristics change under various conditions. This study aimed to determine the differences in the force characteristics at different performance heights of elite male judo athletes. Twenty elite male judo athletes participated in the study. They were asked to perform seoi-nage at different heights (80 cm and 60 cm) using a rubber band as a practice situation. Data were collected by a force-measurement device with a rubber band connected to the device. The time variables, force value magnitude, force value rate, and force value angle in the vertical/horizontal planes were calculated and compared at 80 cm and 60 cm. There were significant differences in the force magnitude and the force vector vertical angle at 80 cm and 60 cm (p<.05). The force magnitude was greater at 60 cm than at 80 cm height. The force vector vertical angle was greater at 60 cm than at 80 cm height. In conclusion, seoi-nage at 80 cm height requires less force than at 60 cm; hence, judo players should perform the seoi-nage throw placing their center of mass lower than that of an opponent. Practicing seoi-nage repeatedly at 60 cm height under the training conditions is recommended. Seoi-nage at 60 cm height can be considered an effective training method for increasing the ability to handle difficult opponents.
The main objective of this article is to examine the validity of a French version of the Athletic Identity Measurement Scale (AIMS) with a sample of French varsity athletes according to different characteristics such as age, gender and types of sports activities practiced. To this end, 445 sports students answered a questionnaire measuring the degree of Likert-type sports identity on a 7-point scale. The sample included 272 men and 173 women with an average age of 21 years. Validation of the factor structure and internal consistency was tested by performing confirmatory factor analyzes and calculating Cronbach’s alpha coefficient on the four different models most proposed in the literature. The results related to the exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis showed that the four AIMS models tested in this study are not appropriate for the French context. On the other hand, they made it possible to identify a measurement model composed of two factors; identities and exclusivity. For the two factors, no significant difference appeared between the subgroups of age, sex and the types of sports activities practiced. Therefore, the two-factor model identified in this research stands out from the already existing models. To further test its robustness, it would therefore be desirable to test it in socio-cultural contexts close to that of France.
Lateral ankle sprain (LAS) is the most common injury in youth soccer. The mechanisms of LAS should be identified to develop effective injury prevention programs. Alignment and range of motion (ROM) are considered factors affecting kinematics during movement. Therefore, this study was designed to identify whether static measurements, including alignment and ROM, affect ankle kinematics related to LAS during running in youth soccer players. For this study, 100 participants were recruited. Data on rearfoot angle in the prone position (PRA), tibial varum, weight-bearing lunge test (WBLT), passive eversion, passive inversion (PIN), and ankle kinematics during running of all participants were collected. Ankle kinematics were computed for dorsiflexion at the initial contact (IC), inversion at IC, maximum dorsiflexion (MDF), and maximum inversion (MIN). Stepwise multiple regressions were conducted with an alpha level of 0.05. PRA, WBLT, and PIN significantly predicted dorsiflexion at IC (R2 = 0.144, P < 0.001), and PRA was a significant predictor on inversion at IC (R2 = 0.227, P < 0.001). PRA and WBLT were significant predictors on MDF (R2 = 0.330, P < 0.001), and PRA significantly predicted MIN (R2 = 0.188, P < 0.001). Of significant predictors, only WBLT can be treated by joint mobilization. Thus, WBLT related to pronation, which makes the ankle in a closed-packed position, should be treated to increase DF ROM and ankle stability. In addition, low-speed running video analysis might be useful in screening for ankle malalignment.
This qualitative study examined Korean college soccer players’ perceptions of and need for agents and the roles and competencies expected of them based on in-depth interviews with college soccer players. By exploring the significance of soccer agents as perceived by college soccer players, this study aimed to provide basic data necessary for training soccer agents for college soccer players and establishing regulations for college soccer agents. The research results can be summarized as follows: (1) The players interviewed generally showed a positive attitude toward soccer agents and were aware of the need for an agent; (2) the roles expected of an agent by college soccer players were different from those expected by professional soccer players: preparing opportunities to join Korean and foreign professional clubs, supporting and managing players, and facilitating smooth communication; and (3) the core competencies expected of a soccer agent by college soccer players were official agent certification, networks with professional soccer clubs, and understanding of the soccer industry. The results of this study highlight the need for stakeholder organizations in soccer to establish a systematic agent platform for college soccer players and take efforts to eliminate unregistered agents who engage in inappropriate activities. Qualified agent education and training for college soccer players will help protect them from unregistered agents and foster high-quality agency services.
The purpose of this study was to differences in cardiovascular risk factors and upper and lower limb muscle function according to the WHR classification in women with obese. Eighty-three obese women with over 30% body fat who aged between 20- and 30-years were divided into 3 groups: normal control group (NCG, n=6), obese women with low WHR group (WHR 0.85 or less+ more than 30% body fat, OLW, n=64), obese women with high WHR group (WHR 0.85 or more+ more than 30% body fat, OHW, n=13). We performed measurements to determine cardiovascular risk factors, basic physical fitness, isokinetic knee and trunk muscle functions according to WHR classification. As the result of this study, the knee flexor peak torque and hamstring to quadriceps torque ratio (H:Q ratio) as well as isokinetic endurance capacity of the right and left knee flexors were significantly higher in the NCG compared to the OLW and OHW. In addition, sergeant jump was significantly higher in the NCG compared to the OLW and OHW. But other basic physical fitness factors and cardiovascular disease risk factors were no significant difference between all groups. Our findings confirmed that WHR risk level may be an important predictor of lower extremity muscle function in obese women.
Human movement and motor behavior science involve various theoretical frameworks and methodologies. This study describes the force control of motor phenomenon, processes of linear or nonlinear dynamics, and proposes a system approach as an additional potential aspect. Thus far, issues regarding these motor control and learning paradigms were critically examined, and their respective mechanisms were compared using descriptive analysis. Elaborate simulations based on the transitions and development flow of each component at issue contributed to the linear approach, laid concrete emphasis on the advantages of the nonlinear approach, and empirically derived the rationale for the indispensable application of system dynamics. Sports science can benefit from system dynamics associated with human motor behavior, as demonstrated in this study.
This study aimed to identify sporting event experience factors and examine the structural relationships among experience, destination image, event image, and behavioral intention using data from sport spectators of the 18th FINA World Aquatic Championships in South Korea. The data were collected using a face-to-face questionnaire-based survey with 329 randomly selected sport spectators aged over 20 years. Factor analysis, reliability, validity, a correlation analysis, and a structural equation modeling analysis were employed utilizing SPSS 22.0 and AMOS 22.0. The results indicate that entertainment, esthetics, and escapism in sporting event experiences enhance destination image and event image. Further, destination image and event image are strong predictors of behavioral intention. The results indicate that local governments and event organizers should provide spectators with a creative sporting event environment with a wide array of potential experiences.
The aim of this study was to analyze the breast cancer survivors’ difficulties in participating in sports as cancer aftercare. This study employed the case study and purposive sampling to obtain the sample from five breast cancer survivors, two surgical oncologists, and a cancer aftercare NGO specialist. This study conducted the participatory observation method and depth interviews to categorize and conceptualize based on transcribed data with selected study participants. The study was to identify the essential themes, and four medical experts addressed within and across cases. Three essential themes were revealed: financial difficulty, severe chronic condition, and social role. Firstly, breast cancer survivors suffer financial difficulty after a cancer diagnosis because of their career breaks or the absence of economic activities. This situation put survivors hard to take part in sports with high expenses or customized personal programs. Secondly, breast cancer survivors suffer experience motor disorders due to low motivation due to poor physical ability. Therefore, follow-up measures for them should be taken at the welfare level. Thirdly, breast cancer survivors continue to shoulder a disproportionate share burden of Balancing work and family obligations. Cancer survivors who are parents or family caregivers have taken on even more during the cancer treatment. They were already shouldering the majority of financial, social, and family care responsibilities. That is wholly inadequate for most cancer survivors to find enough time to work out or do sports regularly but sporadic or never for themselves and their health.
This study aimed to describe and compare the pacing strategy and performance of world level under 19 (U19), under 23(U23) and senior single scullers during world championship races. Data are from 8 years of Rowing World Championships A and B finals of single scull races for U19, U23 and senior age scullers. Pacing was determined for velocity, stroke rate and, distance per stroke (SD). Scullers presented a fast start strategy for all races investigated. There was no significant difference in pacing between age groups. Velocity peaked at the 100m (U19) and 150m (U23 and senior) mark. The scullers in the older age groups showed superior performance scores of the studied variables. U19, Under 23 and senior single scullers present similar pacing regardless of their age group. Performance of single sculler improve from U19, to U23 to senior for both lightweight and heavyweight classes. The results of this study may serve as a reference for athletes, coaches, and sports scientists to be implemented in training.
We examined the performance differences in elite male marathoners when competing for record times versus ranks. Data of the top 300 male marathoners in 2019 were obtained from the World Athletics website for comparison and analysis. All competitions approved by the World Athletics were rated in the order of OW, GL, A, B, C, D, E, and F. Time comparisons were performed using one-way ANOVA and then the Bonferroni post-hoc test. Higher-grade competitions consist of top athletes with competitive qualifying record whose central motivation is to achieve the best records. Lower-grade competitions are often preliminary measures of qualification for larger competitions, motivating athletes to compete for ranks rather than records. The average time difference for each competition was statistically significant. GL’s average time was the fastest at 2:13:42 (±00:03:15). From A to F, the average finishing time tended to increase from 2:09:51 (±00:03:27) to 2:14:48 (±00:03:24). The average end time at F was the slowest at 2:14:48 (±00:03:24). When comparing the athletes’ relative performance, the times for large international competitions, such as GL, A, and B, were also faster than smaller competitions, such as E and F (p<0.05). These results are interpreted to mean that competing to achieve record times is better for marathon performance than competing for ranks.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the vertical stiffness and agonist-antagonist muscle co-activation according to running velocity. Eighteen runners asked to perform running on an instrumented treadmill (HP Cosmos, Germany) with a capacitance-based pressure platform at 40, 50, 60, 70, 80% of maximum velocities, 19 infrared cameras and surface electromyography were used to measure kinematics and muscle activation. Vertical stiffness increased significantly as running speed increased. On the other hand, co-activation decreased significantly as the running speed increased. We conclude that antagonist muscle groups decrease with increasing running speed and depend on agonist muscle group activity.
